Biological material may refer to:

Natural materials

• Organic matter, matter that has come from a once-living organism, or is composed of organic compounds
• A chemical substance present or produced in a living organism
  • Biomolecule, a molecule present in a living organism
  • Biogenic substance, a chemical substance produced by a living organism
  • Biotic material, natural material, or natural product, a material produced by a living organism
• Biomass, living or dead biological matter, often plants grown as fuel
• Biomass (ecology), the total mass of living matter in a given environment, or of a given species
• Body fluid, any liquid originating from inside the bodies of living people
• Cellular component, material and substances of which cells (and thus living organisms) are composed
• Tissue (biology), a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organ
• Viable material, capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions (see Viability selection)

Human-made materials

• Bio-based material, a processed biotic material
• Biocomposite, a composite material formed by a matrix (resin) and a reinforcement of natural fibers
• Biomaterial, any substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose