Žagarė
City
Žagarė Manor
Žagarė Manor
Flag of Žagarė
Flag
Coat of arms of Žagarė
Coat of arms
Žagarė is located in Lithuania
Žagarė
Žagarė
Location of Žagarė
Coordinates: 56°22′0″N 23°15′0″E / 56.36667°N 23.25000°E / 56.36667; 23.25000
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSemigallia
CountyŠiauliai County
MunicipalityJoniškis district municipality
EldershipŽagarė eldership
Capital ofŽagarė eldership
First mentioned1633
Granted town rights1924
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,309
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Žagarė (pronunciationⓘ, see also other names) is a city located in the Joniškis district, northern Lithuania, close to the border with Latvia. It has a population of about 2,000, down from 14,000 in 1914, when it was the 7th largest city in Lithuania.[1] Žagarė is famous for Žagarvyšnė - a cherry species originated in Žagarė.

Etymology

Žagarė's name is probably derived from the Lithuanian word žagaras, meaning "twig". Other renderings of the name include: Latvian: Žagare, Polish: Żagory, Yiddish: זאַגער, romanized: Zager.

History

The foundation of Žagarė dates back to the 12th century. A settlement of the Baltic tribe Semigallians Sagera was mentioned for the first time in March 1254 in the documents of the partitioning of the Semigallia. In 13th century it was a Semigalian fortress Raktuvė (or Raktė, first mentioned in 1272-1289 documents). It was an important centre of Semigallian warriors, who fought against the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the Livonian Order. The cult of Barbora Žagarietė, servant of God, originated in the town in mid-1600s.

It long had a Jewish population that contributed to its culture. Yisroel Salanter (1810–1883), the father of the 19th-century Mussar movement in Orthodox Judaism, was born there. Isaak Kikoin (1908–1984), a renowned Soviet physicist, was also born there.

The Jewish quarter in Žagarė was among those damaged in 1881 as part of the violence against Jews that occurred during the pogroms in southern Russia.

On 22 August 1941, on the orders of Šiauliai Gebietskommissar Hans Gewecke, all half-Jews and Jews in the district were to be moved to Žagarė ghetto (around 500 people). The Jews were allowed only to take clothing and at most 200 Reichsmark. Many Jews were shot on the spot instead of being sent to the ghetto.[2] In a massacre committed by Einsatzgruppe A on 2 October 1941, the date of Yom Kippur that year, all Jews were killed at the marketplace and buried in Naryshkin Park.

Today Žagarė is the administrative centre of the Žagarė Regional Park, known for its valuable urban and natural heritage. Once one of the largest cities in Lithuania (in the 1900s the number of town inhabitants exceeded 10 thousand), it preserved valuable urban complexes – trade square, side street network with early 20th century brick buildings, two churches, Žagarė manor with park, former early 20 c. cinema building and other valuable urban artefacts.[3][4]

Notable residents

Twin towns – sister cities

Žagarė is a member of the Charter of European Rural Communities, a town twinning association across the European Union, alongside with:[5]

References

  1. ↑ Vytautas Toleikis (24 September 2008). "Žagarė – nykus Lietuvos užkampis ar kultūrinių turistų Klondaikas?". Bernardinai.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
  2. ↑ Shafir, Michael. "Ideology, memory and religion in post-communist East Central Europe: a comparative study focused on post-Holocaust." Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 15.44 (2016): 52-110
  3. ↑ Žagarė
  4. ↑ Vytautas Toleikis (24 September 2008). "Žagarė – nykus Lietuvos užkampis ar kultūrinių turistų Klondaikas?". Bernardinai.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
  5. ↑ "Charter members". europeancharter.eu. Charter of European Rural Communities. Retrieved 5 September 2019.

Further reading

  • Rose Zwi: "Last Walk in Naryshkin Park" 1997 ISBN 978-1875559725 A Familie chronicle of her two families of origin Yoffe and Reisen. This account tells the story of Lithuanian Jews caught in the sweeping history of the first half of the century in Europe.
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