Official logo of the Olympiad.

The 21st Chess Olympiad (French: La 21e Olympiade d'échecs), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[1] team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between June 6 and June 30, 1974, in Nice, France.

Bobby Fischer was still the reigning World Champion, but had not played a single game of tournament chess since he won the title in 1972 and was not present in Nice either. However, the American team still managed to secure third place in his absence.

For the same reason, for the second time in a row, the Soviet team was not led by the current world champion. It did, however, feature three previous (Tal, Petrosian, and Spassky) as well as one future champion (Karpov). The team won by 8½ points, the biggest victory margin yet, and took home their twelfth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and the United States taking the silver and bronze, respectively.

With a complete lack of tension in the championship race, the tournament had more than its share of political tension. In Final B, the Tunisian team refused to play Israel, so the score was computed according to Elo ratings, and awarded as a 3–1 win for the Israeli team.

Due to their apartheid policies, both South Africa and Rhodesia were expelled from FIDE with three rounds to go. The South African team withdrew from the tournament, and their Final C results were deleted from the overall standings. After FIDE president Max Euwe failed to have Rhodesia ejected from the Olympiad, they were allowed to finish the tournament and won Final E, with help from default victories against Iraq and Algeria who refused to play them in protest.

Results

Preliminaries

A total of 74 teams were divided into eight preliminary groups of nine or ten teams each, from which the top two advanced to Final A, no. 3-4 to Final B, etc. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no team met any other team more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments.

The results were as follows:

  • Group 1:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Soviet Union - 4 3½ 3 3 3½ 4 4 4 8 0 0 29
«A»  Wales 0 - 2½ 2½ 1½ 3 4 3½ 4 6 2 0 21
«B»  Scotland ½ 1½ - 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 4 5 2 1 21
«B»  Poland 1 1½ 2 - 2½ 2½ 2½ 4 4 5 2 1 20
«C»  Brazil 1 2½ 1½ 1½ - 2½ 2½ 3½ 4 5 3 0 19
«C»  Mongolia ½ 1 1 1½ 1½ - 3 3 3½ 3 5 0 15
«D»  Puerto Rico 0 0 ½ 1½ 1½ 1 - 3 3½ 2 6 0 11
«D»  Jordan 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 - 2 0 7 1 5
«E»  Netherlands Antilles 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 2 - 0 7 1 3
  • Group 2:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  United States - 3 4 2 2 3½ 4 4 4 6 0 2 26½
«A»  England 1 - 2½ 3 3 4 3½ 4 3½ 7 1 0 24½
«B»  Denmark 0 1½ - 3½ 3 3½ 3 2½ 3½ 6 2 0 20½
«B»  Canada 2 1 ½ - 1½ 2½ 4 4 4 4 3 1 20½
«C»  Australia 2 1 1 2½ - 2½ 4 3½ 3 5 2 1 19½
«C»  Ecuador ½ 0 ½ ½ 1½ - 2 3 3 2 5 1 11
«D»  Luxembourg 0 ½ 1 0 0 2 - 1½ 3 1 6 1 8
«D»  Panama 0 0 1½ 0 ½ 1 2½ - 2 1 6 1 7½
«E»  Rhodesia 0 ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 2 - 0 7 1 6
  • Group 3:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Yugoslavia - 2 2½ 3 3½ 2½ 4 4 4 7 0 1 25½
«A»  Finland 2 - 1½ 2 4 4 2½ 4 3 5 1 2 23
«B»  Cuba 1½ 2½ - 1 2 4 3½ 4 4 5 2 1 22½
«B»  Italy 1 2 3 - 1 3 2½ 3½ 3 5 2 1 19
«C»  Iran ½ 0 2 3 - 2½ 2 3 3 4 2 2 16
«C»  Venezuela 1½ 0 0 1 1½ - 2½ 2 4 2 5 1 12½
«D»  Pakistan 0 1½ ½ 1½ 2 1½ - 3 2 1 5 2 12
«D»  Uruguay 0 0 0 ½ 1 2 1 - 3 1 6 1 7½
«E»  Iraq 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 - 0 7 1 6
  • Group 4:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + − = Points
«A»  Hungary - 2½ 3 3½ 4 4 3½ 4 4 8 0 0 28½
«A»  Spain 1½ - 2 2 3 3 3½ 3½ 4 5 1 2 22½
«B»  Belgium 1 2 - 2½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 2½ 2½ 6 1 1 19
«B»  Tunisia ½ 2 1½ - 2 2½ 3 3½ 2½ 4 2 2 17½
«C»  Chile 0 1 1½ 2 - 2 4 3 3½ 4 3 3 2 17
«C»  Syria 0 1 1½ 1½ 2 - 1 3½ 3 2 5 1 13½
«D»  Malta ½ ½ ½ 1 0 3 - 2½ 3 3 5 0 11
«D»  Malaysia 0 ½ 1½ ½ 1 ½ 1½ - 2½ 1 7 0 8
«E»  Japan 0 0 1½ 1½ ½ 1 1 1½ - 0 8 0 7
 Nicaragua 0 -
  • Only two players from the Nicaraguan team arrived in Nice, and after the team were forced to forfeit their first match against Chile, Nicaragua withdrew from the tournament. The forfeit was deleted from the Group 4 standings.
  • Group 5:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  West Germany - 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 7 0 1 27
«A»  Sweden 2 - 1½ 3 2 3½ 4 4 3 5 1 2 24
«B»  Iceland 1 2½ - 3 1½ 3 3½ 4 2½ 6 2 0 21
«B»  Portugal 0 1 1 - 3½ 2½ 4 4 4 5 3 0 20
«C» South Africa South Africa 1 2 2½ ½ - 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 19
«C»  Ireland 1 ½ 1 1½ 2 - 3 3 3 3 4 1 15
«D»  Hong Kong 0 0 ½ 0 1 1 - 3 3 2 6 0 8½
«D»  Guernsey 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 - 3 1 7 0 5
«E»  Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 1½ 0 0 1 1 1 - 0 8 0 4½
  • Group 6:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Czechoslovakia - 2 3½ 3 4 4 4 4 4 7 0 1 28½
«A»  Romania 2 - 2½ 3 3 3 4 3½ 4 7 0 1 25
«B»  Norway ½ 1½ - 2½ 3½ 4 3 3½ 4 6 2 0 22½
«B»  Colombia 1 1 1½ - 2 2½ 3½ 4 4 4 3 1 19½
«C»  New Zealand 0 1 ½ 2 - 1 2 3 4 2 4 2 13½
«C»  Singapore 0 1 0 1½ 3 - 1½ 1 3½ 2 6 0 11½
«D»  Lebanon 0 0 1 ½ 2 2½ - 2 3 2 4 2 11
«D»  Monaco 0 ½ ½ 0 1 3 2 - 2 1 5 2 9
«E»  Andorra 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 1 2 - 0 7 1 3½
  • Group 7:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + − = Points
«A»  Bulgaria - 3 2 1½ 2 3 3½ 4 4 4 6 1 2 27
«A»  Philippines 1 - 2 2½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 4 4 7 1 1 26½
«B»  Israel 2 2 - 3 2½ 2½ 2 3½ 4 3 6 0 3 24½
«B»  France 2½ 1½ 1 - 2½ 3½ 3½ 3 3 3½ 7 2 0 24
«C»  Indonesia 2 1½ 1½ 1½ - 3 3 2½ 3½ 4 5 3 1 22½
«C»  Turkey 1 ½ 1½ ½ 1 - 1½ 4 4 3 3 6 0 17
«D»  Dominican Republic ½ ½ 2 ½ 1 2½ - 3 2 4 3 4 2 16
«D»  Faroe Islands 0 ½ ½ 1 1½ 0 1 - 2½ 2½ 2 7 0 9½
«E»  Cyprus 0 0 0 1 ½ 0 2 1½ - 3½ 1 7 1 8½
«E»  British Virgin Islands 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 0 1½ ½ - 0 9 0 4½
  • Group 8:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Netherlands - 3 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 7 1 0 26
«A»  Argentina 1 - 3 3 3½ 3½ 4 4 4 7 1 0 26
«B»  Austria 3 1 - 2 3 3½ 3 4 4 6 1 1 23½
«B»   Switzerland 1 1 2 - 2½ 3 3½ 3 4 5 2 1 20
«C»  Greece 0 ½ 1 1½ - 2½ 4 4 3 4 4 0 16½
«C»  Mexico 1 ½ ½ 1 1½ - 3 4 4 3 5 0 15½
«D»  Morocco 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 - 4 4 2 6 0 10½
«D»  United States Virgin Islands 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 2 0 7 1 3
«E»  Bahamas 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 - 0 7 1 3

Finals

Final A
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating		PointsMP
1 Soviet UnionKarpov, Korchnoi, Spassky, Petrosian, Tal, Kuzmin266546
2 YugoslaviaGligorić, Ljubojević, Ivkov, Planinc, Velimirović, Parma256637½
3 United StatesKavalek, Byrne, Browne, Reshevsky, Lombardy, Tarjan258636½22
4 BulgariaRadulov, Padevsky, Tringov, Popov, Spasov, Kirov247536½21
5 NetherlandsTimman, Donner, Sosonko, Ree, Enklaar, Kuijpers247835½
6 HungaryPortisch, Bilek, Csom, Ribli, Forintos, Sax255435
7 West GermanySchmid, Unzicker, Pfleger, Hecht, Dueball, Kestler253432
8 RomaniaGheorghiu, Ciocâltea, Ghițescu, Ghizdavu, Partoș, Pavlov246829½16
9 CzechoslovakiaHort, Jansa, Filip, Přibyl, Plachetka, Lechtýnský252129½14
10 EnglandHartston, Keene, Penrose, Whiteley, Stean, Markland245626
11 PhilippinesTorre, Cardoso, Naranja, Balinas, Lontoc, Bordonada235825½12
12 SpainPomar, Torán, Calvo, Bellón López, Visier Segovia, Sanz242825½11
13 SwedenAndersson, Ornstein, Jansson, Liljedahl, Uddenfeldt, Kinnmark244825
14 ArgentinaQuinteros, Sanguineti, Najdorf, Rubinetti, Szmetan, Debarnot249123½
15 FinlandWesterinen, Poutiainen, Rantanen, Hurme, Venäläinen, Raaste231922
16 WalesWilliams, Hutchings, Jones, Cooper, Sully, Trevelyan228514½
Final B
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating		PointsMP
17 IsraelLiberzon, Kraidman, Czerniak, Kagan, Bleiman, Radashkovich246540½
18 AustriaRobatsch, Dückstein, Prameshuber, Janetschek, Röhrl, Stoppel238838½
19 ItalyMariotti, Tatai, Tóth, Cosulich, Zichichi, Cappello242838
20 ColombiaCastro, Cuartas, Alzate, García, de Greiff, Silva235432½
21 NorwayØgaard, Johannessen, Zwaig, Hoen, Ulrichsen, Moen24103219
22 IcelandÓlafsson, Sigurjónsson, Jóhannsson, Kristinsson, Ásmundsson, Víglundsson24563218
23 PolandSchmidt, Doda, Pytel, Kostro, Adamski, Pokojowczyk24303217
24 CanadaSuttles, Biyiasas, Yanofsky, Kuprejanov, Day, Piasetski24193118
25 CubaGarcía González, García Martínez, Rodríguez Cordoba, Jiménez, Estévez Morales, Rodríguez Céspedes24233115
26 DenmarkAndersen, Rath, Moe, Iskov, Kølbæk, Jacobsen24053114
27  SwitzerlandHug, Lombard, Schaufelberger, Wirthensohn, Gereben, Ott238029
28 FranceMaclès, Todorcevic, Seret, Puhm, Bessenay, Benoit238127½
29 ScotlandPritchett, McKay, Levy, Jamieson, Bonner, Young231925½
30 BelgiumBoey, Van Seters, Beyen, Bonne, De Bruycker, Wostyn232323½
31 PortugalDurão, Silva, Cordovil, Ribeiro, Santos L., Santos J. P.230619½
32 TunisiaBouaziz, Belkadi, Tabbane, Teboudi K., Najar C., Graa220017½
Final C
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating		PointsMP
33 AustraliaJamieson, Fuller, Shaw, Woodhams, Pope, Purdy228639
34 IranHarandi, Sharif, Shirazi, Sawadkuhi, Shahsavar, Safarzadeh232034½
35 BrazilMecking, Câmara, van Riemsdijk, Segal, Nóbrega, Toth242432½
36 MongoliaLhagva, Ujtumen, Myagmarsuren, Gungabazar, Tumurbator, Purevzhav236431½
37 IrelandMacGrillen, Littleton, Cox, Henry, Heidenfeld, Cassidy224530½
38 ChileSánchez, Velasco, Bugueño, Letelier, Grunberg, Ojeda23843017
39 IndonesiaArdiansyah, Sampouw, Suwuh, Bessaria, Sinulingga, Damanik22493014
40 GreeceMakropoulos, Skalkotas, Trikaliotis, Vizantiadis, Tsouros, Gavrilakis226327½16
41 MexicoCampos López, Frey, Escondrillas, Ramírez, Lara, Ocampo228327½14
42 TurkeyOnat, Pekün, Bilyap, Olgaç, Erözbek, Süer226527
43 SingaporePang Kwok Leong, Leow, Lee Chee Seng, Choong Liong On, Lim Kok Ann, Chia221925
44 VenezuelaCherem, Gamboa, Sánchez, Caro, Mijares, Guerra220324½
45 New ZealandFairhurst, Sarapu, Garbett, Green, Stuart, Kerr223022½
46 EcuadorYépez, Idrovo, Camatón, Verduga, Galarza, Dillon221322
47 SyriaRifai S., Kassabe, Tabba, Arik A., Albaba M., Kabbani M.220016
WDSouth Africa South Africa[2]Friedgood, Kroon, Korostenski, de Villiers, Bloch, Aalbersberg2228-
Final D
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating		PointsMP
48 PakistanButt, Farooqui, Ahmad N., Ahmad I., Mir, Ali220049½
49 Puerto RicoTorres, Moraza Choisme, Colón Romero A., Freyre, Bird Picó, Falcón220344½
50 Dominican RepublicDelgado, Gonzáles, Juliao, Pérez, Pérez Nivar, Yabra220043½
51 LuxembourgFeller, Milbers, Peters, Schammo, Schneider, Philippe220138½
52 LebanonTarazi, Daoud, Thomas, Loheac-Ammoun, Sursock, Bedrossian22063520
53 UruguayLamas Baliero, Bademian Orchanian, Ricetto, Pastori, Maiztegui Casas, Israel Catán22003517
54 PanamaRamón Martínez, Fabrega, Cuéllar, Moreno Merediz, Lombana, Denis220033
55 MonacoTasic, Brodeur, Scharf, Kostjoerin, Martelli R., Angles d'Auriac220029½
56 MaltaCamilleri, Attard, Gouder, Cilia Vincenti, Casha, Soler220629
57 Hong KongKan Wai Shui, Hasan, Ko Chi, Krouk, Sin Kuen, Smith M.224027½13
58 Faroe IslandsApol, Petersen, Midjord, Olsen, Thomsen, Ziska220027½12
59 MalaysiaChan Mun Fye, Foo Lum Choon, Choo Min Wang, Wahid, Jamaluddin, Ng220024½
60 MoroccoBakali, Nejjar, Sbia, Iraqui, Meftouh, Dakka220021½
61 JordanAl-Mallah, Arafat, Hamam, Sanoseyan, Baslan M., Haddad220017½
62 GuernseyPalmer, Withers, Moriarty, Gavey, Savident, Knight2200122
63 United States Virgin IslandsAbraham, Purington, Reussner, Scherman A., Scherman N., Fyfe-Reussner, Bushnaq[3]2200122
Final E
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating		Points
64 RhodesiaDonnely, Fox, Barlow, Levy, Hillmann, Hope M.220028½
65 IraqAl-Shakarchi, Mubarak, Al-Kazzaz R. K., Taha, Muhsin F., Subbar220024½
66 Netherlands AntillesWeiland, Zalm, Van Loon, Fernán, Croes, Rigaud O. W.220021½
67 JapanGonda, Naito, Hamada, Arita, Tatsutomi, Seki220020½
68 CyprusRiza, Scoatarin, Vassiades, Hadjittofis, Kleopas, Hadjiyiannis220019
69 Trinidad and TobagoMohipp A., Brassington F., Ramon-Fortune, Sears, Lee, Poon A. C.220018
70 AlgeriaChaabi, Bouzida M., Baghli, Hanni F.220017
71 AndorraGómez Abad, Sanz, De la Casa, Iglesias, Pantebre Martínez, Fité Barris220013
72 BahamasAntonas, Thompson, Rolle, Adderley, Ramcharran, Ingraham220011
73 British Virgin IslandsHook, Van Dyke B., Green S. L., Pickering, Downing, Van Dyke22008½

Final «A»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Place Country 12345678910111213141516 +-=Points
1  Soviet Union -2½32323½3½333½42½2½44 130246
2  Yugoslavia 1½-1½22½12½23½233½33½24 83437½
3  United States 12½-1½2½21½32½3233½2½3½2½ 103236½
4  Bulgaria 222½-21½222333322½4 71736½
5  Netherlands 11½1½2-2222½2½3½2½2½334 83435½
6  Hungary 2322½2-2½11½2½12½2½3½33½ 93335
7  West Germany ½1½2½221½-222½2½2½22½33 73532
8  Romania ½212232-2222312½2½ 43829½
9  Czechoslovakia 1½1½21½2½22-311½233½2½ 56429½
10  England 12111½1½1½21-222223½ 17726
11  Philippines ½121½31½232-1122½2½ 47425½
12  Spain 0½111½1½1½22½23-22½1½3 48325½
13  Sweden 1½1½11½1½212232-21½2½ 28525
14  Argentina 1½½1½21½1½31221½2-21½ 19523½
15  Finland 02½1½1111½½21½2½2½2-2½ 39322
16  Wales 001½00½11½1½½1½11½2½1½- 114014½

Final «B»

  • Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized.
Place Country 17181920212223242526272829303132 +-=Points
17  Israel -1½331223½2½3333½3½33 112240½
18  Austria 2½-2½22½221½2½2½2423½3½3½ 91538½
19  Italy 11½-322½3½3½31½2½342½1½3 104138
20  Colombia 121-1½22222½32½32½2½3 73532½
21  Norway 31½22½-2½22½2½2½11½1½22½2½ 84332
22  Iceland 221½21½-2½2222½22½232½ 52832
23  Poland 22½221½-1½2½3322233 53732
24  Canada ½2½½21½22½-3½2½2½1½3½3½2½ 85231
25  Cuba 1½1½121½21½1-2½2½2½2½23½3½ 66331
26  Denmark 11½2½1½1½213½1½-1½22½3½32½ 67231
27   Switzerland 121½131½11½1½2½-22233½ 47429
28  France 1011½2½221½1½22-23½2½2 36627
29  Scotland ½2012½1½22½1½1½22-1½23 37525½
30  Belgium ½½1½1½222½2½2½2½-2½2½ 37523
31  Portugal 1½2½1½1½11½½111½21½-2½ 212119½
32  Tunisia 1½111½1½11½½1½½211½1½- 014117½
  • Tunisia refused to play Israel because of political reasons. The score was set by default.

Final «C»

  • Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized.
Place Country 333435363738394041424344454647WD +-=Points
33  Australia -1½334123½4342½2½2½2½2½ 112139
34  Iran 2½-131½3½223232½332½ 92334½
35  Brazil 13-2½3322½1½2½1½23232 83332½
36  Mongolia 111½-21½31½½3½3½332½42½ 76131½
37  Ireland 02½12-2½2½3½11½2½2½1½43½2 85130½
38  Chile 3½12½1½-2½31½32232½22½ 74330
39  Indonesia 22211½1½-21½32½2½31½43 55430
40  Greece ½21½2½½12-2½222½2½33 64427½
41  Mexico 012½3½32½2½1½-22221½1½1 55427½
42  Turkey 121½½2½1122-22½2½33½½ 55427
43  Singapore 012½½1½21½222-2½322½1½ 45525
44  Venezuela 1½1½211½21½1½21½1½-22½2½2½ 28424½
45  New Zealand 1½1112½111½21½12-2½31½ 39222½
46  Ecuador 1½121½01½2½12½12½1½1½-2½1 39222
47  Syria 1½1½10½2012½½1½1½11½- 112116
WD South Africa South Africa ½21½21½133½2½1½2½3-
  • South Africa were expelled from FIDE with three rounds to go and withdrew from the event. Their scores were set as friendlies.

Final «D»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Place Country 48495051525354555657585960616263 +-=Points
48  Pakistan -22½3½1½33½3½3½433½4444 131149½
49  Puerto Rico 2-232323½3½3½2½33½344 110444½
50  Dominican Republic 1½2-13½33½3½2332½4443 112243½
51  Luxembourg ½13-2½31½22½2½33343½3½ 113138½
52  Lebanon 2½2½1½-22½22½2233243½ 72635
53  Uruguay 11112-3½23½2½222443½ 64535
54  Panama ½2½2½1½½-2½22333343 84333
55  Monaco ½½½2221½-1½2½23½232½3½ 55529½
56  Malta ½½21½1½½22½-11½2½2½343½ 67229
57  Hong Kong 0½11½21½21½3-2½321½32½ 57327½
58  Faroe Islands 11½1122122½1½-2½22½1½3½ 47427½
59  Malaysia ½11½1121½1½11½-3½2½3½2½ 410124½
60  Morocco 0½0112121½22½-1½2½4 29421½
61  Jordan 0100201112½1½1½2½-21½ 211217½
62  Guernsey 000½0001½012½½1½2-2½ 212112
63  United States Virgin Islands 001½½½1½½1½½1½02½1½- 114012

Final «E»

  • Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized.
Place Country 64656667686970717273 +-=Points
64  Rhodesia -2½433½23343½ 80128½
65  Iraq 1½-2322243½4 41424½
66  Netherlands Antilles 02-13½23½423 42321
67  Japan 113-2½32½22½2½ 62120
68  Cyprus ½2½1½-2½2½333½ 53119
69  Trinidad and Tobago 22211½-222½3 22518
70  Algeria 12½1½1½2-332½ 34217
71  Andorra 1002121-33 25213
72  Bahamas 0½21½11½11-2½ 17111
73  British Virgin Islands ½011½½11½11½- 0908½
  • Iraq and Algeria refused to play Rhodesia because of political reasons. The scores were set by default.

Individual medals

References

  1. ↑ Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.
  2. ↑ The South African team was expelled from FIDE with three rounds remaining. Their matches were deleted from the overall standings.
  3. ↑ Mrs. Karen Fyfe-Reussner and Mrs. Renata Bushnaq were allowed to enter the competition due to lack of a few players from basic squad. Bahamas, who were relegated to final E claimed this violated the rules stating no further alterations are possible after deadline. Apparently no one cared.
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